PIC MICROCONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE

PIC MICROCONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE: PIC remains for Peripheral Interface Controller. PIC microcontroller was produced by microchip innovation in 1993. It was produced for supporting PDP PCs to control its fringe gadgets and that is the reason it was named Peripheral Interface Controller. PIC microcontrollers are of minimal effort, quick and simple for the programming and execution of program. Their interfacing with different peripherals is likewise simple.

 PIC Microcontrollers from Microchip Company are separated into 4 vast families. In this PIC MICROCONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE article, I will clarify well ordered about PIC MICROCONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE and parts utilized in pic microcontrollers. I prescribe you to check a rundown of Pic microcontroller venture here.

  First family: PIC10 (10FXXX) called Low End

 Second family: PIC12 (PIC12FXXX) called Mid-Range

Third family: PIC16 (16FXXX)

 Fourth family: PIC 17/18 (18FXXX)

Every family has an assortment of parts alongside implicit unique highlights. It offers a great deal of memory sizes and stick bundles and diverse clock appraisals.

Design:

PIC Microcontroller design depends on Harvard engineering and backings RISC design (Reduced Instruction Set Computer). PIC microcontroller engineering comprises of memory association (smash, rom, stack), CPU, clocks, counter, ADC, DAC, sequential correspondence, CCP module and I/O ports. PIC microcontroller likewise bolsters the conventions like CAN, SPI, UART for interfacing with different peripherals. 

PIC MICROCONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE square graph

1.   CPU (Central Processing Unit):

PIC microcontroller's CPU comprises of

Arithmetic rationale unit (ALU)

Memory unit (MU)

Control unit (CU)

 Accumulator

ALU is utilized for number-crunching tasks and for consistent choices. Memory is utilized for putting away the guidelines in the wake of handling. Control unit is utilized to control the inner and outer peripherals which are associated with the CPU and collector is utilized for putting away the outcomes.

2.  MEMORY ORGANIZATION:

PIC microcontroller memory module comprises of basically 3 kinds of recollections:

PROGRAM MEMORY:

It contains the composed program after we consumed it in microcontroller. Program Counter executes directions put away in the program memory, in a steady progression. Pic microcontroller can have 8K words x 14 bits of Flash program memory that can be electrically deleted and reinvented. At whatever point we consume program into the small scale, we delete an old program and compose another one.

DATA MEMORY:

It is a RAM type which is utilized to store the information incidentally in its registers. The RAM memory is grouped into banks. Each bank reaches out up to 7Fh (128 bytes). Number of banks may differ contingent upon the microcontroller. PIC16F84 has just two banks. Banks contain Special Function Registers (SFR) and General Purpose Registers (GPR). The lower areas of each bank are saved for the Special Function Registers and upper areas are for General Purpose Registers.

Universally useful Registers (GPR):

These registers don't have any extraordinary capacity. These are utilized for universally useful for increasing, expansion or subtraction and after that putting away the outcomes in different registers. CPU can undoubtedly get to the information in these registers.

Extraordinary Function Registers (SFR):

These registers are utilized for extraordinary purposes and they can't be utilized as would be expected registers. Their capacity is set at the season of assembling. They play out the capacity allocated to them and client can't change the capacity of SFR. Three imperative SFRs for writing computer programs are:

STATUS enlist: It changes the bank

PORT registers: It allocates rationale esteems 0 or 1 to the ports

TRIS registers: It is an information heading register for information and yield

DATA EEPROM:

This memory permits putting away the factors because of consuming the composed program. It is comprehensible and writable amid typical task (over the full VDD go). This memory isn't specifically mapped in the enroll document. It is by implication tended to through the SFRs. There are six SFRs which are utilized to peruse and keep in touch with this memory (EECON1, EECON2, EEDATA, EEDATH, EEADR, EEADRH).

3.  SERIAL COMMUNICATION:

The exchange of one piece of information at time sequentially over a correspondence channel is called Serial Communication. There are three conventions of sequential correspondence:

USART: It remains for Universal synchronous and Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter which gives a sequential correspondence in two gadgets. In this convention information is transmitted and gotten a tiny bit at a time through a solitary wire as indicated by the clock beats. To send and get information sequentially the PIC microcontroller has two pins TXD and RXD.

SPI Protocol: SPI remains for Serial Peripheral Interface. It is utilized to send information between PIC microcontrollers and different peripherals like sensors, move registers and SD cards. Three wire SPI correspondences is bolstered in PIC microcontroller between two gadgets on a typical clock source. SPI convention has more prominent information dealing with ability than that of the USART. I2C Protocol: I2C remains for Inter Integrated Circuit, and this convention is utilized to associate low speed gadgets like microcontrollers, EEPROMS and A/D converters. PIC microcontroller bolster two wire Interface or I2C correspondence between two gadgets which can function as both Master and Slave gadget.

Sequential Communication

4.  INTERRUPTS:

There are 20 inner hinders and three outside intrude on sources in PIC microcontrollers which are connected with various peripherals like ADC, USART, Timers, and CCP and so on.

5.   I/O PORTS:

Give us a chance to take PIC16 arrangement, it comprises of five ports, for example, Port A, Port B, Port C, Port D and Port E.

Port A:This port is 7-bit wide and can be utilized for both info and yield. The status of TRISA enlist chosen whether it is utilized as information or yield port.

  Port B:It is a 8-bit port. This port additionally can be utilized as information and yield. Additionally in info mode four of its bits are variable as indicated by the intrude on signs.

  Port C:It is additionally a 8-bit port and can be utilized as both information and yield port which is dictated by the status of the TRISC enlist.

  Port D:This 8-bit port, dissimilar to Port A, B and C isn't an information/yield port, however is utilized as goes about as a slave port for the association with the chip When in I/O mode Port D all pins ought to have Schmitt Trigger cradles.

   Port E:It is a 3-bit port which is utilized as the extra element of the control signs to the A/D converter.

6. CCP MODULE:

A CCP module works in the accompanying three modes:

  Capture Mode: In this mode time is caught when a flag is arrived, or we can state that, when the CCP stick goes high it catches the estimation of the Timer1.

   Compare Mode: It works same as a simple comparator, which implies that when clock 1's esteem achieves some reference esteem it will give a yield flag.

    PWM Mode: This mode gives a 10 bit goals heartbeat and obligation cycle that is programmable.

7.  Timers:

Clocks and counters are vital as should be obvious the time and check. PIC microcontroller can have up to four clocks (contingent on the family) Timer0, Timer1, Timer2 and Timer3. Timer0 and Timer2 are of 8-bits while the Timer1 and Timer3 are of 16-bits, which can likewise be utilized as a counter. These clocks work as indicated by the chosen modes.

8.   D/A CONVERTER:

There are no simple yields in PIC Microcontroller. To get simple yield we need to utilize outside Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC). It can change over 8 bits of computerized number from the eight advanced yields of PIC microcontroller.

9.  A/D CONVERTER:

It changes over the simple voltage levels to advanced voltage esteems. In PIC Microcontroller, ADC has 8-channels and has goals of 10-bit, which implies that on the off chance that we need to change over a simple voltage between 0V to 5V the converter will isolate it to 2^10 dimensions (1024 dimensions). The uncommon capacity registers ADCON0 and ADCON1 control the activity of ADC. The converter stores the lower 8 bits in ADRESL enlist and the upper bits in the ADRESH enroll. Reference voltage of 5V is required for the activity of the converter.

• Call Us : +91-120-4155255
  +91-9711526942
• Email Us :info@cromacampus.com